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目的了解北京市和黑龙江省公众风险认知现状及主要影响因素。方法 2015年8—11月,根据经济发展水平,采用分层整群抽样方法抽取北京市(988人)和黑龙江省(971人)城市和农村居民进行风险认知现状问卷调查,采用SPSS 18.0软件对风险认知的可能性与严重性进行二元logistic回归分析。结果不同特征居民风险认知比较,北京市居民整体水平高于黑龙江省居民,城市居民高于农村居民;事故灾难:北京市居民(3.09±1.03)分,黑龙江省居民(2.93±1.16)分,城市居民(3.09±0.03)分,农村居民(2.92±0.04)分;公共卫生事件:北京市居民(2.90±1.00)分,黑龙江省居民(2.69±1.12)分,城市居民(2.85±0.03)分,农村居民(2.73±0.04)分;暴力恐怖事件:北京市居民(2.63±0.97)分,黑龙江居民(2.46±1.09)分,城市居民(2.68±0.03)分,农村居民(2.39±0.03)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。是否残疾在风险认知可能性与严重性单因素分析中均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素逻辑回归显示,是否残疾、是否购买保险、居住的房屋类型是北京市和黑龙江省居民风险认知的影响因素(P<0.05);身体残疾的居民风险发生严重性的认知程度高于健康人群(OR=1.727,95%CI=1.024~2.911);楼房居民对风险认知的严重性程度高于平房居民(OR=1.373,95%CI=1.063~1.773);北京居民的公众风险认知度高于黑龙江居民(OR=1.290,95%CI=1.052~1.582)。结论区域间公众风险认知水平存在差异;了解公众风险认知水平有助于提高公众应急能力水平。
Objective To understand the current situation and main influencing factors of public risk perception in Beijing and Heilongjiang Provinces. Methods From August to November 2015, according to the level of economic development, stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey the current status of risk cognition in Beijing (988) and Heilongjiang (971) cities and rural residents. SPSS 18.0 software Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted on the probability and severity of risk perception. Results Compared with residents with different characteristics, the overall level of residents in Beijing was higher than that of residents in Heilongjiang Province and urban residents were higher than that of rural residents. Accident disasters: residents in Beijing (3.09 ± 1.03) and residents in Heilongjiang (2.93 ± 1.16) Urban residents (3.09 ± 0.03) points, rural residents (2.92 ± 0.04) points; Public health events: Beijing residents (2.90 ± 1.00) points, Heilongjiang Province residents (2.69 ± 1.12) points, urban residents (2.73 ± 0.04) points for rural residents (2.73 ± 0.04), rural residents (2.73 ± 0.04) points and 2.76 ± 1.09 points for urban residents (2.63 ± 0.97), 2.46 ± 1.09 points for urban residents , The differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Whether or not the disability was statistically significant (P <0.05) in risk-awareness and severity of univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression showed that whether the residents were disabled, whether they purchased insurance or not, the type of housing they lived in was the influencing factor of risk cognition in Beijing and Heilongjiang Province (P <0.05). The degree of awareness of residents with physical disabilities was more serious (OR = 1.727, 95% CI = 1.024-2.911). The awareness of building residents was more serious than that of cottage residents (OR = 1.373, 95% CI = 1.063-1.773). The public risk perception of Beijing residents Heilongjiang residents with higher awareness (OR = 1.290,95% CI = 1.052 ~ 1.582). Conclusions There is a difference in cognition level of public risk among regions; knowing the level of public risk cognition helps to raise public emergency response ability.