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我国职业教育现代学徒制建设中的主要困境是企业参与积极性不高,其深层根源是企业在学徒培养过程中的培养产权尚未得到明晰。明晰企业在学徒培养中的培养产权是现代学徒制建设的关键,这能促使企业在学徒培养中的外部性得到内部化,有助于形成该制度的内在利益机制。明晰培养产权主要包括:授予企业招收学徒的权利,确定学徒的“准员工”身份,明确企业管理与培养学徒的权责,赋予企业留用学徒的权利等。其中,赋予企业留用学徒的权利是培养产权中最关键的制度设计,是其内在利益机制形成的核心。
The main dilemma in the construction of modern apprenticeship system of vocational education in our country is that the enthusiasm of enterprises is not high enough. The deep root cause is that the training of property right in the process of apprenticeship has not been clarified yet. To clarify that the cultivation of property rights in apprenticeship is the key to the construction of modern apprenticeship, which can promote the internalization of the externalities in apprenticeship and help to form the intrinsic interest mechanism of the system. Clearly cultivate property rights include: the right to recruit apprentices to enterprises, apprenticeship to determine the “prospective employees” identity, clear corporate management and training of apprenticeship, giving enterprises the right to retain apprentices. Among them, giving the enterprise the right to retain apprentices is to develop the most crucial system of property rights design is the core of its internal interest mechanism.