人类在近代机械自然观的基础之上形成了简单性的思维方式。然而20世纪科学的发展使得世界的总体图像发生了改变。世界本身具有的非线性、自组织、偶然性和历史性使得简单性思维方式显示出致命的局限,人类思维方式也随之发生了由简单性思维向复杂性思维的转变。复杂性思维是和世界的多样性、随机性、组织性、突变性、无序性等概念相对应的一种思维方式。运用复杂性思维必须遵循系统性、历史性、非线性等基本原则。 Mankind in the modern machinery based on the concept of nature formed a simple way of thinking. However, the development of science in the 20th century changed the overall image of the world. The non-linearity, self-organization, contingency and historicity of the world itself make the simple way of thinking show the deadly limitation, and the way of human thinking also changes from the simple way of thinking to the complex way of thinking. Complex thinking is a way of thinking that corresponds to concepts such as diversity, randomness, organization, mutation and disorder in the world. The use of complex thinking must follow the basic principles of systematic, historic, non-linear.