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汽车侧面碰撞是造成乘员重伤和死亡的主要交通事故形态之一,包括车对车和车对障碍物两种碰撞形式。同时开展侧面壁障碰撞(车对车)和侧面柱碰撞(车对障碍物)的研究对于提高车辆侧面碰撞安全性具有重要意义。首先通过Benchmarking技术建立了与实车尺寸一致的某轿车整车有限元模型,通过计算机模拟仿真的方法,并结合实车正面碰撞的结果验证了模型的有效性。然后,分别根据ECE R95和Euro-NCAP法规的要求进行了侧面壁障碰撞和侧面柱碰撞的仿真试验。通过对比分析两种侧碰仿真试验下车体的变形情况及假人各部位的伤害指标,发现侧面柱碰撞会引起较大的车身变形,对假人头部,胸部等会造成更大的伤害。因此,为了进一步改进车辆的侧面碰撞安全性和降低乘员损伤风险,建议在汽车侧面碰撞安全认证试验时,同时进行两种形式的侧碰考核。
Side-by-side collision is one of the major forms of traffic accidents that cause serious injuries and deaths of occupants, including both car-to-car and car-to-car obstacles. At the same time, research on sidewall collision (vehicle-to-vehicle) and side-column collision (vehicle to obstacle) is of great significance to improve the safety of vehicle side collision. Firstly, the finite element model of a saloon car with the same size as the real car was established by using Benchmarking technology. The validity of the model was verified by the computer simulation method and the result of real car frontal collision. Then, based on the requirements of the ECE R95 and Euro-NCAP regulations respectively, the simulation tests of side barrier collision and side column collision were carried out. By comparing the deformation of the body under two side-impact simulation tests and the damage index of each part of the dummy, it is found that the collision of the side columns will cause a large deformation of the vehicle body and cause more damage to the head, chest and the like of the dummy . Therefore, in order to further improve the vehicle side crash safety and reduce the risk of occupant injury, it is proposed to carry out both side-touch assessment at the same time during the vehicle side crash safety certification test.