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目的为确保放射性物质货包运输的安全,必须开展对货包的辐射监测工作,以保证货包满足GB 11806-2004的相关要求。方法针对货包辐射监测中存在的各种问题,文章从标准理解、仪器适用性、测量方法,并结合一些模拟计算结果进行了对照、分析和探讨。结果通过分析发现,在货包表面测量位置的认定、表面中子剂量当量率的准确测量、不均匀场中探测器的合理选择等方面,反映出实际监测工作与标准要求上存在困难。结论要使我国在对放射性物质运输货包的辐射监测与标准要求相一致,需要从提高测量技术能力和完善标准内容两方面作工作。
Purpose To ensure the safety of the transport of radioactive material packages, radiation monitoring of the packages must be carried out to ensure that the packages meet the relevant requirements of GB 11806-2004. Methods Aiming at the various problems existing in the radiation monitoring of the package, the article makes a comparison, analysis and discussion on the basis of the standard comprehension, the applicability of the instrument, the measuring method and some simulation results. Results The analysis shows that there are difficulties in the actual monitoring work and standard requirements in terms of the determination of the location of the surface of the package, the accurate measurement of the equivalent dose of surface neutron, and the rational selection of detectors in the nonuniform field. Conclusion In order to make our country consistent with the requirements of radiation monitoring of radioactive material transport packages and standards, we need to work from two aspects: improving the capability of measurement technology and improving the standard content.