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目的 为了解三亚市1～5岁儿童乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）携带状况,指导乙肝疫苗接种工作;方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,对1012名儿童调查并采末梢血,用ELISA法检测血清中HBsAg,SPSS8.0软件包建立数据库和对数据进行分析;结果 三亚市1～5岁儿童HBsAg携带率为9.2％,乙肝疫苗全程接种率为51.4％;沿海、半山区、山区儿童HBsAg携带率分别为6.4％、15.1％和15.8％;汉族儿童HBsAg携带率为3.6％、回族和黎族分别为8.8％和16.5％,不同地区、不同民族儿童HBsAg携带率差异有显著性意义。结论 三亚市1～5岁儿童HBsAg携带率处于全国同龄儿童（7.84％～10.49％）的中等水平;少数民族、半山区、山区HBsAg携带率较高,主要原因为乙肝疫苗接种率较低。
Objective To understand the carrier status of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children aged 1 ~ 5 years in Sanya, and to guide the hepatitis B vaccination. Methods A total of 1012 children were investigated by stratified multistage random sampling and the peripheral blood was collected by ELISA HBsAg and SPSS8.0 software package were used to establish the database and analyze the data. Results The HBsAg carrier rate was 9.2% in children aged 1 ~ 5 years and 51.4% in Hepatitis B vaccine in Sanya City. The HBsAg Carrying rates were 6.4%, 15.1% and 15.8% respectively. The carrying rate of HBsAg was 3.6% for Han children and 8.8% and 16.5% for Hui and Li nationality, respectively. There were significant differences in the carrier rates of HBsAg among children from different regions and ethnic groups. Conclusion The HBsAg carrier rate among children aged 1 ~ 5 years in Sanya is in the middle level among the same age children in China (7.84% -10.49%). The carrier rate of HBsAg in minority, mid-mountain and mountainous area is higher, mainly due to the lower hepatitis B vaccination rate.