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西方现代语文中的“犹太人”来自希腊文“Ioudaios”。它最初是民族—地理术语,指居住在犹地亚的人。散居海外的犹地亚人日众后,此词的地理含义渐趋弱化,逐渐获得了民族—宗教内涵,这种转变加剧了身份表达的暧昧性。对相关文献、铭文和纸草的考察表明,“Ioudaios”在犹太人、异教徒和基督徒那里呈现不同的内涵和侧重点,它们既生动折射出犹太人与希腊罗马世界的互动,又有助于澄清谁是犹太人这个认同问题的历史脉络。
The “Jews” in modern Western languages come from the Greek word “Ioudaios.” It was originally a national-geographical term referring to people living in Judaia. After the diaspora was diaspora, the geographical meanings of this term have gradually weakened and gradually gained the ethnic-religious connotation. This change exacerbated the ambiguity of identity expression. Inspections on related documents, inscriptions and papyrus indicate that “Ioudaios” presents different connotations and emphases to Jews, pagans and Christians. Both of them vividly reflect the interaction between Jews and the Greco-Roman world and help to clarify Who is the history of the Jewish identity?