目的探讨尿毒症患者头孢菌素脑病的发病机制和临床特点、治疗方法。方法对21例尿毒症患者使用的头孢类药物及出现的神经精神症状、发病后治疗进行回顾性分析。结果神经、精神症状表现多种多样。全部患者无神经系统定位体征,CT检查无急性病变,停药后症状消失。结论尿毒症患者使用头孢菌素治疗感染可能引起一过性脑病,其原因与肾脏的排泄功能下降有关。尿毒症患者应用头孢菌素时应注意药物选择、调整剂量,一旦出现症状立即停药处理。 Objective To investigate the pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of cephalosporin encephalopathy in patients with uremia. Methods 21 cases of uremia patients using cephalosporins and neuropsychiatric symptoms, the incidence of post-operative treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Results Neurological and psychiatric symptoms varied. All patients without signs of neurological localization, CT examination without acute lesions, symptoms disappeared after stopping. Conclusion The use of cephalosporin in patients with uremia may lead to transient encephalopathy, the reason for the decline in renal excretion function. Uremic patients should pay attention to the choice of cephalosporin drugs, adjust the dose, once the symptoms immediately stop treatment.