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采用裂区试验设计,对黄土塬区补充灌溉及不同氮磷配施条件下麦田土壤水分利用、氮素吸收及作物产量等进行了研究。结果表明:试验年份补充灌溉及氮磷配施分别提高冬小麦籽粒产量0～24.6%和134.1%～240.2%,方差分析表明,施氮是籽粒产量提高的主要因素,补充灌溉及施磷作用不显著;补充灌溉及不同施氮水平均显著增加冬小麦耗水量,补充灌溉能在一定程度减少冬小麦对土壤储水的利用,而氮磷配施显著增加土壤储水的消耗;补充灌溉处理水分利用效率(WUE)较雨养处理降低0.2～2.3kg.mm-1.hm-2,但差异不显著,氮磷配施WUE较对照提高4.0～7.2kg.mm-1.hm-2,达显著水平;冬小麦氮素积累量受施氮水平影响显著,低氮和高氮处理氮素积累量较对照分别增加26.9～33.4kg.hm-2和60.9～66kg.hm-2;补充灌溉能够促进地上部氮素吸收。本试验表明,补充灌溉与高氮高磷组合处理可获得高产及较高的水分利用效率;在底墒充足的平水年,影响研究区域作物产量、水分利用效率及氮素吸收等的主要因素是施氮水平。
Using split-plot experimental design, the soil water use, nitrogen uptake and crop yield of wheat field under supplementary irrigation and different N and P fertilization conditions were studied. The results showed that supplemental irrigation and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization increased the grain yield of winter wheat by 0-24.6% and 134.1% -240.2%, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that nitrogen application was the main factor to increase grain yield, while the effect of supplementary irrigation and phosphorus application was not significant ; Supplementary irrigation and different N application rates significantly increased the water consumption of winter wheat. Supplemental irrigation could reduce the utilization of winter wheat to soil water storage to a certain extent, while N and P application significantly increased soil water consumption; and the water use efficiency WUE) decreased by 0.2 ~ 2.3kg.mm-1.hm-2 compared with rainfed treatment, but the difference was not significant. The WUE of nitrogen and phosphorus application increased by 4.0-7.2kg.mm-1.hm-2 compared with the control, reaching significant level. The nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat was significantly affected by nitrogen application, and the nitrogen accumulation in low and high nitrogen treatments increased by 26.9-33.4kg.hm-2 and 60.9-66kg.hm-2, respectively, compared with the control. Supplementary irrigation could promote aboveground nitrogen Suction absorption. The results showed that high yield and high water use efficiency could be obtained by combination of supplementary irrigation and high N and P fertilizer. The main factor affecting crop yield, water use efficiency, Nitrogen level.