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[目的]明确新烟碱类农药吡虫啉、啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺及呋虫胺对海南中蜂(Apis cerana hainana)工蜂的急性毒性,并评价这些农药对海南中蜂工蜂的风险性。[方法]利用摄入法和点滴法测定几种农药对海南中蜂工蜂的急性经口和接触毒性。[结果]急性经口毒性试验中,啶虫脒可湿性粉剂(LC50为267.273 mg/L)对海南中蜂的毒性为低毒,啶虫脒原药(42.071 mg/L)和可溶粉剂(157.163 mg/L)的毒性为中毒,其他药剂均为剧毒;急性接触毒性试验中,所有供试农药对海南中蜂的毒性均为高毒。啶虫脒可湿性粉剂的危害商值(HQ)为19.3,对海南中蜂危害不大,其他3种制剂对海南中蜂均有害。[结论]蜜源植物花期应尽量避免使用吡虫啉、呋虫胺及烯啶虫胺等对海南中蜂高毒的新烟碱类农药,慎用啶虫脒。
[Objective] The research aimed to clarify acute toxicity of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram and dinotefuran to worker bees of Apis cerana hainana and to evaluate the risk of these pesticides to worker bees in Hainan. [Method] The acute oral and contact toxicity of several kinds of pesticides to the worker bees in Hainan were determined by ingestion method and instillation method. [Result] Acetamiprid WP (LC50: 267.273 mg / L) was less toxic to the bee venom in the acute oral toxicity test. Acetamiprid (42.071 mg / L) and soluble powder 157.163 mg / L) were poisoned by poisoning. Other drugs were all highly toxic. In the acute exposure toxicity test, all tested pesticides were highly toxic to bees in Hainan. Acetamiprid WP Hazard Value (HQ) of 19.3, Hainan little harm to the bee, the other three kinds of preparations are harmful to Hainan bees. [Conclusion] The flowering nectar should avoid the use of imidacloprid, dinotefuran, nitenpyram and other neonicotinoid pesticides highly toxic to the bee Hainan, be careful acetamiprid.