论文部分内容阅读
知识确证是认识论的一大难题。在这个问题上历来存在着语境论与非语境论如怀疑论、常识实在论、可错论、比较论、不变论和相对主义的长期争论。语境论主张知识在特定语境中是意义明确的,怀疑论则持相反的观点,常识实在论认为常识直觉就可驳倒怀疑论,比较论认为知识是通过命题比较来阐明的,不变论认为知识不随语境变化的,相对主义强调知识语句是在语境中被评价的,而不是在语境中被说出的。这些非语境论各自提出了对知识确证问题的解决策略。
Knowledge confirmation is a major problem of epistemology. Historically there has been a long debate over contextualism and non-contextual theories such as skepticism, common sense realism, erroneous theory, comparative theory, invariant theory and relativism. Context theory asserts that knowledge has a definite meaning in a particular context and skepticism holds the opposite view. Common sense realism holds that common sense intuition can refute skepticism, comparative theory that knowledge is expounded by propositional comparison, If knowledge does not change with context, relativism emphasizes that knowledge statements are evaluated in context rather than spoken in context. Each of these non-contextual theories proposes a solution strategy to the question of confirming knowledge.