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Objective:To compare the intraoperative condition and short-term outcomes of vaginal hysterectomy (VH) and laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for enlarged myomatous uterus.Methods:Fifty patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups:VH (n=23) and LAVH (n=27).All procedures were performed by a single senior surgeon to maintain homogeneity.Results:The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable.The operative time for LAVH was significantly longer than for VH (76.7±23.2 vs.57.6±23.5 min,P<0.05),and LAVH costs more money than VH (6,923.07±622.96 vs.5,974.46±1,408.08 RMB,P<0.05).Major complications,uterine weight and the length of hospital stay were comparable between VH and LAVH group.One case of VH was converted to LAVH due to adhesion.Conclusions:Compared with LAVH,VH is a time- and cost-saving operative technique for enlarged myomatous uterus.VH should be the primary method for uterine removal,but LAVH may have advantages when adhesion is present.