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“各尽所能,按需分配”是马克思关于共产主义收入分配的设想。对其思想内涵与实现条件,理论界一直争议不断,肯定者有之,怀疑者有之,否定者亦有之。近年来否定意见又时有所见。本文针对其中常见的、极易引起歧义的几个问题,从生产与需要的关系、资源与需要的关系和马克思关于“按需分配”的条件预设三方面,探讨实现“各尽所能,按需分配”的可能性与现实性,分析“需要动态论”、“需要无限论”、“生产有限论”、“资源有限论”、“分工永恒论”及“劳动无差别论”等观点的错误根源,以期科学理解马克思的命题。
“Do what we can, according to need ” is Marx’s assumption of communist income distribution. The connotation and conditions for its realization, the theoretical circles have been controversial, affirmative who, skeptics, denial are also. In recent years, negative opinions have been seen from time to time. This article aims at several common problems that can easily lead to ambiguity, from the relationship between production and needs, the relationship between resources and needs, and Marx’s preconditions for “distribution on demand” We can, according to the need to be distributed “the possibility and the reality, analysis ” need dynamic theory “” need infinite theory “, ” limited production “, ” limited resources “, ” Eternal Theory of Labor Division “and” No Difference in Labor Theory ", in order to scientifically understand Marx’s proposition.