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以龙粳21号和龙稻5号为试验材料,比较研究旱直播、湿润直播和插秧栽培对寒地粳稻生育期、温度利用和产量特性的影响。结果表明,与插秧稻相比,旱直播稻和湿润直播稻的全生育期缩短,生育时期推迟,直播稻生育期缩短主要是营养生长期缩短所致;不同栽培方式水稻对温度资源的利用存在较大差异,全生育期积温表现为湿润直播<旱直播<插秧栽培,直播栽培拔节前对温度资源利用减少,拔节期至成熟期与插秧栽培差异较小;不同种植方式水稻产量和结实率差异未达显著水平,但千粒重、穗数和穗粒数的差异达到了极显著水平,旱直播和湿润直播的穗数或千粒重较插秧栽培有显著增加,穗粒数却有显著降低。发挥小穗、多穗的产量构成优势,利于实现寒地直播稻的稳产和高产。
Longjing 21 and Longdao 5 were used as experimental materials to compare the effects of direct sowing, wetting direct seeding and transplanting rice cultivation on the growth, temperature utilization and yield characteristics of winter japonica rice. The results showed that, compared with rice planting, the whole growth period of direct seeding rice and wet direct seeding rice was shortened, the growth period was postponed, and the shortened growth period of direct seeding rice was mainly due to the shortening of vegetative growth period. The utilization of temperature resources in different cultivation ways existed in rice In the whole growth period, the accumulative temperature showed the wetting and direct sowing, the direct sowing and transplanting. The direct sowing date reduced the utilization of temperature resources before jointing, and the difference between the jointing and maturing and the transplanting was less. The yield and the seed setting rate of different planting ways The difference was not significant, but the differences of 1000-grain weight, panicle number and grain number per spike reached the extremely significant level. The number of panicle or 1000-grain weight of direct seeding and wet direct seeding increased significantly compared with that of transplanting and the number of grains per spike was significantly decreased. Play spikelet, multi-spike yield constitutes an advantage, which will help achieve direct seeding rice in the cold and stable yield and high yield.