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目的探讨宁夏老年人平衡障碍患病现况及危险因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,选取银川市四个社区以及青铜峡市两个村作为调查单位,对60岁及以上的常住老年人进行入户调查。调查问卷由卫生部统一制定,内容包括基本信息,一般人口学特征、疾病史、药物史、生活习惯(吸烟、饮酒、体力活动水平)及平衡障碍情况(起立行走实验量表)。调查项目包括一般询问项目和现场调查测试项目两类。结果本次共调查949名老年人,平均年龄(73.6±6.8)岁,平衡障碍患病率为45.3%;调查对象中男425人,女524人,女性平衡障碍患病率高于男性(51.1%vs37.9%,P=0.000);城市老年人513人,农村老年人436人,城市老年人平衡障碍的患病率低于农村(41.7%vs 49.3%,P=0.019)。在多因素分析中,将变量引入Logistic回归模型,经统计分析后发现,性别、年龄、糖尿病、关节炎、颈椎病、药物因素是平衡障碍的危险因素;经常运动、文化程度高是平衡障碍的保护因素。结论宁夏老年人平衡障碍患病率较高,农村高于城市,女性高于男性。老年人平衡障碍是多种内因和外因共同作用的结果,应针对危险因素采取预防措施。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of balance disorders in the elderly in Ningxia. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select four communities in Yinchuan City and two villages in Qingtongxia City as the investigation units to investigate the permanent residents aged 60 years and above. The questionnaire was uniformly formulated by the Ministry of Health. It includes basic information, general demographic characteristics, disease history, drug history, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity level) and balance disorders (standing and walking test scale). Survey items include general inquiry items and field survey test items in two categories. Results A total of 949 elderly people were surveyed, with a mean age of (73.6 ± 6.8) years and a prevalence of balance disorder of 45.3%. The survey population included 425 males and 524 females, with a higher prevalence of female balance disorders than men (51.1 % vs37.9%, P = 0.000); urban elderly 513 people, rural elderly 436 people, the prevalence of urban elderly balance disorders than in rural areas (41.7% vs 49.3%, P = 0.019). In the multivariate analysis, the variables were introduced into the Logistic regression model. According to the statistical analysis, gender, age, diabetes, arthritis, cervical spondylosis and drug factors were the risk factors of balance disorders. Regular exercise and high education were the balance disorders Protection factors. Conclusion The prevalence of balance disorders is higher in the elderly in Ningxia than in the rural areas and higher in women than in men. Balancing disorders in the elderly are the result of multiple internal and external causes and precautions should be taken against risk factors.