一、前言高应变率下材料动态力学性能的研究已愈来愈受到人们的重视。首先,这是由于大量实际问题的解决有赖于人们对材料动态力学性能的了解。这既包括爆炸和撞击等动载荷下的各种动力学问题,如地震、工程爆破、高速加工成型、弹体对装甲的侵彻、核爆炸及其防护、微陨石和雨雪冰沙等对飞行器的高速撞击,以及星球表面陨星坑的形成等研究;也包括外载荷虽然随时间变 I. INTRODUCTION The research on the dynamic mechanical properties of materials under high strain rate has drawn more and more attention. First of all, this is due to the fact that the solution to a large number of practical problems depends on one’s knowledge of the dynamic mechanical properties of the material. This includes both dynamical problems under dynamic loads such as explosions and impacts, such as earthquakes, engineering explosions, high-speed machining, projectile penetration into armor, nuclear explosions and their protection, micro-meteorites and sleet Aircraft crash at high speed, as well as the formation of meteorite crater on the surface of the planet and other studies; including external load change over time