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新中国成立初期,劳动者的社会地位得到明显提高,生活水平也得到了改善,人们呈现出了很高的劳动热情。然而,国家逐渐走向对现代化项目的偏执,通过官员强压、指标管理和政治运动等方式对工业企业的生产进行了严格的控制,直接生产者的需要却被忽视了。直接生产者亦通过各种策略来应对国家的控制和保障自身利益。在这个历史进程中,曾经的劳动热情逐渐为弄虚作假、舞弊营私、消极不安所替代。极端现代化项目的规划者往往将自己看得比实际上更聪明和更深谋远虑,这却反而损害了他们预期的受益者并阻碍了发展。
In the early days after the founding of new China, the social status of workers was significantly improved and their standard of living also improved. People showed great enthusiasm for labor. However, the state gradually moved toward the paranoia of the modernization project. The strict control over the production of industrial enterprises through official pressure, index management and political campaigns was neglected. The demand of the direct producers was neglected. Direct producers have also adopted various strategies to deal with the control of the state and safeguard their own interests. In this historical process, former labor enthusiasm gradually replaced by fraud, misconduct, and negative anxiety. Planners of extreme modernization projects tend to see themselves as smarter and more deliberate than they actually are, but instead undermine their intended beneficiaries and hinder development.