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国际贸易是指世界各国之间商品和劳务的交换活动。西方经济学家一直注重对国际贸易理论的研究,其中有:资本主义原始积累时期的重商主义;资本主义自由竞争时期的国际分工学说(以亚当·斯密和大卫·李嘉图为代表);以及20世纪以来瑞典经济学家赫克歇尔和俄林提出的按照生产要素禀赋进行国际分工的学说。然而,这些学说都有其局限性,都不能完全解释当前的国际贸易。本文提及的大卫·李嘉图提出的比较成本论同样也有其局限性。随着世界科学技术的迅速进步,社会生产力的发展,国际分工进一步向深度和广度发展,现代生产要求资本、技术、知识和劳务等要素进行国际间的联合,从过去的单纯的贸易到国际经济合作。这就要求我们应根据新的形势来研究新的贸易形式,例如,补偿贸易、对外加工装配贸易、租赁贸易等。
International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries in the world. Western economists have been focusing on the study of international trade theory, including: mercantilism in the period of capitalist primitive accumulation; the international division of labor theory in capitalist free competition (represented by Adam Smith and David Ricardo) And the theory of the international division of labour according to the factors of production factors proposed by Swedish economists Heckscher and Olin since the 20th century. However, these doctrines have their limitations and cannot fully explain the current international trade. The comparative cost theory proposed by David Ricardo mentioned in this article also has its limitations. With the rapid progress of science and technology in the world and the development of social productivity, the international division of labor has further developed to depth and breadth. Modern production requires international cooperation in capital, technology, knowledge, and labor services, from the simple trade in the past to the international economy. Cooperation. This requires us to study new trade forms based on new situations, such as compensation trade, external processing and assembly trade, and leasing trade.