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元、明、清乃至近现代,桃花女斗周公的故事在民间广泛流传,其中元末出现的《桃花女》杂剧影响最大。该作品通过对婚俗的描写,把邪恶的来源归之于男性代表周公,而桃花女却是善良无辜的受害者,于是男权社会婚礼婚俗中对女性“驱邪”、“避煞”的象征性仪式被彻底颠覆。在作品中,周公的历史贡献被遗忘,而他“制礼作乐”(婚姻六礼)给女性带来的痛苦令她们耿耿于怀,于是周公被塑造成心术不正的坏老头形象。我国虽早已进入男权社会,但母系氏族社会的遗迹却处处可见,桃花女故事正折射了这一社会现状。
Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties as well as the modern times, the story of Peach Blossom Girl’s publicity was widely circulated among the people. The “Peach Blossom” drama that appeared at the end of Yuan Dynasty had the greatest impact. The work through the description of marriage customs, the source of evil attributed to the male representative Zhou Gong, and Peach Blossom is a kind and innocent victim, so the patriarchal society wedding ceremony of women “exorcism ”The symbolic ritual was completely subverted. In his works, Zhou Gong’s historical contribution was forgotten, and his “wedding ceremony ” (six marriages) to the pain caused them to heart, so Zhou Gong was shaped into a bad mind bad old man image. Although China has already entered patriarchal society, the remains of the matriarchal clan society are everywhere. The story of Peach Blossom is a reflection of the current situation in society.