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一、交叉科学概念什么叫交叉科学?钱学森曾下过这样的定义:所谓交叉科学是指在自然科学和社会科学相互交叉地带生长出的一系列新生学科。过去我们将科学分为自然科学、社会科学两大类,但在解决社会实际问题的过程中,一些自然科学中的特定概念日益被社会科学所吸收和运用;同样,一些社会科学的传统思想和观点则为自然科学家所借用,使自然科学和社会科学在原理上、方法上相互移植、相互渗透,形成了多层次、全方位和大交叉。正如日本一著名学者所指出的:自然科学可称为“自然的社会科学”;社会科学也可称为“社会的自然科学”。这一见解是颇有见地的。我们通常所说的“交叉科学”本身有两个含意:(1)指包括众多交叉科学在内的新生学科群。从这个意义上说,交叉科学是所有具有交叉特点的学科的总称。(2)指对学科交
First, the concept of interdisciplinary science What is interdisciplinary science? Qian Xuesen had under such a definition: the so-called interdisciplinary science and social sciences in the interdisciplinary areas grew out of a series of new subjects. In the past, we divided science into two categories: natural science and social science. However, during the process of solving practical social problems, some specific concepts in natural science are increasingly being absorbed and used by social sciences. Similarly, some traditional ideas of social science and The viewpoint is borrowed by natural scientists, so that the natural sciences and social sciences are transplanted to each other in principle and method and form a multi-level, omnidirectional and grand cross. As noted by a famous Japanese scholar, natural science can be called “natural social science”; social science can also be called “natural science of society.” This view is quite insightful. What we usually call “interdisciplinary science” has two meanings in its own right: (1) It refers to a new subject group including many interdisciplinary sciences. In this sense, interdisciplinary science is the general term for all disciplines that have cross-cutting characteristics. (2) refers to the academic exchange