从笛卡尔开始,哲学家们将关注的重点从本体论转向了认识过程,致力于探讨人类对世界整体的理性把握可否实现。在此过程中,英国哲学家休谟否认我们可以通过超越某种经验的事物来把握经验的内容,从而对当时的认识论造成一种颠覆。休谟指出:“说到过去的经验我们不能不承认,它所给我们的直接的确定的报告,只限于我们所认识的那些物象和认识发生时的那个时期。但是这个经验为什么可以扩展到将来,扩展到我 Beginning with Descartes, philosophers shifted the focus of attention from ontology to cognitive processes, and explored whether human beings could reasonably grasp the world as a whole. In the process, Hume, a British philosopher, denied that we could grasp the content of experience by something beyond a certain experience, thus creating a subversive of epistemology at that time. Hume pointed out: ”We can not but acknowledge the past experience, and the direct and definite reports it gives us are limited to those images we know and the periods when knowledge came into being. But why can this experience be extended to the future , Extended to me