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利用甘肃、陕西、山东、河南四省1 079份苹果种植户的调查数据为样本,回答农户在生产中是否关心农药残留问题并实证分析影响农户对农药残留关心程度的主要因素。结果表明:农户对农药残留基础认知与食品安全的关心程度存在差异,实证分析户主教育程度、户主农药安全了解水平及病虫害了解程度、政府对农药安全的宣传及农药残留的监督检测、加入合作社等正向显著影响农户对农药残留问题的关心程度,而苹果收入占家庭收入比重、按说明书配药、有过村委会干部、党员及合作社干部等身份特征、使用生物物理防治办法的补贴政策负向显著影响农户对农药残留的关心程度。分析认为,不完善的市场体系及小规模种植的分散农户生产具有的盲目性和趋同性,是造成农户生产中农药残留基础认知与食品安全关心程度存在偏差的主要原因。
Based on the survey data of 1 079 apple growers in Gansu, Shaanxi, Shandong and Henan provinces, this paper replied whether farmers are concerned about pesticide residue in production and empirically analyzed the main factors affecting farmers' concern about pesticide residue. The results showed that there were differences in the degree of concern of peasant households on the basic cognition of pesticide residues and food safety. Empirical analysis was conducted on the level of education of head of household, the level of pesticide safety awareness among peasant households, the degree of understanding of pests and diseases, the government's promotion of pesticide safety and the supervision and inspection of pesticide residues. And other positive effects of farmer households on the degree of concern about pesticide residues, and Apple's share of the proportion of household income, according to the manual pharmaceutical, village cadres, party members and cooperatives cadres identity characteristics, the use of biophysical control subsidies To a significant impact on farmers care about the extent of pesticide residues. The analysis shows that the imperfect market system and the blindness and convergence of decentralized farmer production in small-scale planting are the main reasons for the deviation of the farmers' basic cognition and food safety in pesticide residue production.