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目的研究分析青年急性心肌梗死患者的临床特点与发病原因。方法回顾性分析68例青年急性心肌梗死患者的临床资料,并总结其临床特点与发病原因。结果 52例患者进行冠状动脉(冠脉)造影检查,其中单支血管病变37例,2支血管病变9例,3支以上血管病变6例;患者共有74支血管病变,其中30支冠脉完全闭合,24支冠脉75%~99%狭窄,17支冠脉50%~74%狭窄,3支冠脉狭窄不足50%。68例患者进行心电图检查时,发现12例(17.6%)表现为非ST段抬高心肌梗死,56例(82.4%)表现为ST段抬高心肌梗死。青年急性心肌梗死患者的临床症状主要为胸痛,其中典型胸痛62例,不典型胸痛6例,6例休克,肺部啰音13例。此次研究活动中,男59例,超重33例,高血糖18例,高血脂症39例,高血压16例,吸烟56例,酗酒37例,冠心病家族史24例。研究发现,所有患者中有59例发病前存在一种以上的诱发因素,其中过于劳累23例,吸烟24例,酗酒16例,剧烈运动11例,情绪异常5例,暴饮暴食4例。结论在掌握青年急性心肌梗死临床特点的基础上明确诊断,为降低青年急性心肌梗死发病率,应鼓励青年人群注意日常饮食,并加强针对性的健康知识宣教。
Objective To study the clinical features and causes of acute myocardial infarction in young patients. Methods The clinical data of 68 young patients with acute myocardial infarction were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features and causes of the disease were summarized. Results Fifty-two patients underwent coronary artery (coronary) angiography, including 37 cases of single vessel disease, 9 cases of 2 vessel disease and 6 cases of more than 3 vessel disease. There were 74 vessel diseases in all, of which 30 were complete Closed, 24 coronary arteries 75% to 99% stenosis, 17 coronary stenosis 50% to 74%, 3 coronary stenosis less than 50%. Of the 68 patients who underwent electrocardiogram examination, 12 (17.6%) showed non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and 56 (82.4%) showed ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Clinical symptoms of young patients with acute myocardial infarction are mainly chest pain, including 62 cases of typical chest pain, atypical chest pain in 6 cases, 6 cases of shock, pulmonary rales in 13 cases. In this study, 59 males, 33 were overweight, 18 with hyperglycemia, 39 with hyperlipidemia, 16 with hypertension, 56 with smoking, 37 with alcohol abuse, and 24 with a family history of coronary heart disease. The study found that 59 cases of all patients before the onset of more than one predisposing factor, including over-exertion in 23 cases, 24 cases of smoking, alcohol abuse in 16 cases, strenuous exercise in 11 cases, 5 cases of emotional disorders, overeating in 4 cases. Conclusions In order to reduce the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in young people, young people should be encouraged to pay attention to their daily diet and to strengthen targeted health education based on the clinical features of young acute myocardial infarction.