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[Objective]To provide molecular theoretical basis for the breeding research of Bletilla Rchb. f. by conducting the analysis of the genetic diversity of its germplasm resources and carrying out an analysis of the kinship of theses 17 samples and their tracks of evolution.[Methods]The genetic distance will be calculated by analyzing these 17 samples through the application of SRAP marker technology and using NTSYSpcV2. 10e Version to analyze data and the UPGMA cluster analysis will also be conducted. [Results]18 primer combinations with good polymorphism from 72 primer combinations are selected. 417 polymorphism bands are generated by expansion. It is showed in the UPGMA cluster analysis that these 17 samples can be divided into three parts. The range of their genetic distance is from 0. 288 1 to 1. 095 6 and the average range is 0. 610 9.[Conclusions] It is proved from this experiment that it is feasible to adopt SRAP technology to carry out research of the diversity of traditional Chinese medicines resources and the analysis of Bletilla Rchb. f provides molecular theoretical basis for its breeding research.