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北京延庆县西屯墓地共出土人骨标本510例,性别明确者406例,鉴定率为79.6%,年龄段明确者446例,鉴定率87%。男性标本175例,女性标本231例,男女性比例为0.75:1。510例个体时代分属于汉、唐、魏晋、辽、北朝、明、明清和清。为研究该墓地人口变化规律,把墓地按时代顺序划分为三组:汉代组、北朝组和明清组,通过对三组样本的人口学分析得出以下结论:性别,汉代组至明清组性比例反映出一个由低到正常再到低的时代变化规律,具体各年龄段的性比例存在着相似性,即随着年龄段的递增,性比例也表现出增加的趋势;年龄,汉代组至明清组平均死亡年龄呈增长趋势。男性平均死亡年龄高于女性的现象,自汉代就已出现,并一直延续到明清,各年龄段死亡率3个时代组基本一致,只是汉代组死亡高峰期集中在壮年,北朝组和明清组则集中在中年,从而反映出随着时代的进步,古人的寿命表现出增加的规律。
A total of 510 specimens of human bone were unearthed from Xitun cemetery in Yanqing County, Beijing. There were 406 cases of definite gender, with an identification rate of 79.6% and 446 definite age groups, with an identification rate of 87%. There were 175 male specimens and 231 female specimens with a ratio of 0.75 to 1.510. The individual period belonged to Han, Tang, Wei, Jin, Liao, Northern Dynasties, Ming, Ming, Qing and Qing. In order to study the changing law of the cemetery population, the cemetery was divided into three groups according to the order of the times: the Han Dynasty, the Northern Dynasty and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The demographic analysis of the three sets of samples led to the following conclusions: The sex ratio reflects a change from low to normal and then low. The specific proportions of all age groups are similar, that is, as the age increases, the sex ratio also shows an increasing trend. The age, The average age of death in Ming and Qing Dynasties showed an increasing trend. The average death rate of males is higher than that of females, which has appeared since the Han Dynasty and has been extended to the Ming and Qing dynasties. The death rates of all age groups are basically the same in the three age groups, except that the death peak of the Han Dynasty was concentrated in the prime of life, Groups are concentrated in middle age, which reflects the progress of the times, the ancients showed an increase in the law of life.