Background: The factors affecting the outcome of patients referred for lung transplantation (LTx) still have not been investigated extensively.The aim of this study was to characterize the patient outcomes and identify the prognostic factors for death while awaiting the LTx.Methods: From January 2003 to November 2013, the clinical data of 103 patients with end-stage lung disease that had been referred for LTx to Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.The relationship between predictors and survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model.Results: Twenty-five patients (24.3％) died while awaiting the LTx.Fifty patients (48.5％) underwent LTx, and 28 patients (27.2％) were still on the waitlist.Compared to the candidates with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) had a higher mortality while awaiting the LTx (40.0％ vs.12.3％, P =0.003).Patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) had a higher mortality while waiting than others (50.0％ vs.20.2％, P =0.038).Two variables, using MV and IPF but not COPD as primary disease, emerged as significant independent risk factors for death on the waitlist (hazard ratio [HR] =56.048, 95％ confidence interval [CI]: 3.935-798.263, P =0.003 and HR =14.859, 95％ CI: 2.695-81.932, P =0.002, respectively).Conclusion: The type of end-stage lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, and MV may be distinctive prognostic factors for death while awaiting the LTx.