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一、定义和流行病学慢性肾脏病(CKD)常合并高血压,高血压为终末期肾病(ESRD)的重要致病因素之一,而ESRD患者中高血压的患病率约为80%[1]。普通高血压患者中,血压控制率仅约为25%,ESRD患者血压控制率更低,主要原因是由于CKD患者的高血压往往是顽固性高血压(refractory hypertension,resistanthypertension,RSHT)。顽固性高血压是指应用包括利尿剂在内的3种或3种以上不同种类降压药物治疗,且每种药物剂量均已达到最佳,患者血压仍未达标者;或者必须使用4种以上药物才能使血压达标者[2]。顽固性高血压的确切患病率
First, the definition and epidemiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often associated with hypertension, hypertension is one of the important risk factors for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), while the prevalence of hypertension in ESRD patients is about 80% [1 ]. In general hypertensive patients, the rate of blood pressure control is only about 25%, ESRD patients with lower blood pressure control rate, mainly due to hypertension in patients with CKD often refractory hypertension (refractory hypertension, RSHT). Refractory hypertension refers to the use of diuretics, including three or more different types of antihypertensive drugs, and each drug dose has been optimized, the patient’s blood pressure has not yet reached the standard; or must use more than 4 Drugs can make blood pressure standard [2]. The exact prevalence of refractory hypertension