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指称问题一直是各位方家,如语言哲学家、传统语义学家、语用学家、系统功能语言学家、语篇分析学者研究的基本问题之一。但与指称相关的以下两个问题似乎研究得很少:(1)指称存在于客观世界中还是人的头脑中?(2)指称词语的意义是通过什么样的机制获得的?本文以认知语言学的哲学基础、理论原则,特别是认知语言学家福科尼耶(Fauconnier)的心理空间模式以及福科尼耶和特耐(Turner)的心理空间合成(Mental Space Blending)模式为依据,提出(1)指称源于具体的人类身体体验,指称词语是体验的实体;(2)指称词语意义的获得与人们的认知息息相关,它是依靠多空间构图认知理据获得的。
The allegation problem has always been one of the basic problems that all the Fangs, such as philosophers of language, traditional semantics, pragmatics, system-functional linguists and discourse analysts. However, the following two issues related to allegations seem to be rarely studied: (1) Allegations exist in the objective world or in human minds; (2) By what mechanisms are the meanings of the alleged terms? In this paper, The philosophical basis and theoretical principles of linguistics, especially the cognitive psychologist Fauconnier’s psychosocial model, and the theory of Focaloni and Turner’s psychometric synthesis (Mental Space Blending) (1) The allegations derive from the specific experience of the human body and the referring words are the entities of experience; (2) The acquisition of the meaning of the terms is closely related to the cognition of the people. It is based on the cognitive theory of multi-spatial composition.