论文部分内容阅读
一百年前的 Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky(HVZ)反应仅对羧酸及其衍生物的α-溴化有高的选择性,而推广到α-氯化则产生β、γ或α、α-二氯代产物。近二十年来羧酸及其衍生物的α-氯化取得了突破性的进展,出现了一些有良好选择性或专一性的反应,可以制得产率高(如90%以上)、纯度高(如99%以上)的α-氯代物。有些是良好的实验室制法,也有一些可望成为工业制法。本文对这些方法的适用范围、反应条件及某些反应的机理作了介绍。
One hundred years ago the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction was only highly selective for the α-bromination of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, whereas the extension to α-chlorination resulted in β, γ or α, α- Dichloro products. Over the last two decades, there has been a breakthrough in the α-chlorination of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Some well-selective or specific reactions have been reported, resulting in high yields (eg, over 90%), purity High (eg, 99% or more) alpha-chlorides. Some are good laboratory methods and others are expected to become industrial methods. This article describes the scope of application of these methods, reaction conditions and some of the reaction mechanism are described.