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鸦片战争前夕，林则徐坚持旨在永断鸦片来源的具结贸易政策。美、荷以及葡萄牙澳门总管均相继表态不再带运鸦片来中国内地，各国亦相继具结进黄埔贸易，以商务监督义律为首的英国对华贸易商人却不愿按规定具结进口贸易，中英终因双方各执己见而交涉失败，以致中英贸易断绝，第一次鸦片战争爆发。具结政策是有条件的中外通商贸易政策，是林则徐禁烟政策的最重要组成部分。就整个具结问题而言，具结政策是基本失败的政策；但就当时来说，它又是最合时宜的政策。中外具结交涉失败，除英国商务监督、对华贸易商人及英国政府的阻挠、破坏这一主要原因外，原因还在于政策本身的变化、不完备，在于林则徐等人的犹豫、怀疑，在于清朝腐败衰微、民心不一及具结策略的疏漏等等。
On the eve of the Opium War, Lin insisted on a trade policy aimed at perpetuating the sources of opium. The United States, the Netherlands and the Portuguese Macao Explorer all took the position that they no longer carry opium to the mainland of China. All countries have also entered into the trade with Huangpu one after another. The British trade businessmen led by commercial supervision and righteousness are not willing to import trade with China. The negotiations ended in failure because of their own dissent, causing the Sino-British trade to be cut off and the first Opium War broke out. A knot policy is a conditional Chinese and foreign trade and trade policy and is the most important part of Lin’s policy of no smoking. As for the entire knot, the knot knot is a policy that basically fails; but at that time, it was the most timely and appropriate policy. The reasons for the failure of the engagement between China and the United States include the commercial supervision of Britain, the traders and businessmen in China, and the British government’s obstruction and destruction. The reason lies in the fact that the change of the policy itself is incomplete. It is the hesitation and doubt of Lin Zexu et al. Decline, mixed feelings and knot strategy omissions and so on.