清代中期(乾隆、嘉庆年间),汉学大盛,理学滑坡,这是总体的学术格局。比之清初,理学显然已自中心走向边缘。不过,学术地位的下降,并不等于毫无建树,也不等于无人尊奉。实际上,无论在庙堂还是在民间,程朱理学仍有其生命力,仍在规范着一代代读书人;陆王心学虽生存与发展的环境更不理想,但也未成绝学,只是处在更为边缘的地带而已。一、汉学氛围笼罩下的程朱理学众所周知,清代中期是汉学当道的时代。理学处在汉学笼罩之下,不可避免地走向低潮。若与康熙年间的情形相比,理学的没落是十分明显的,其主要 The middle of the Qing Dynasty (Qianlong, Jiaqing years), Sinology Dasheng, science landslide, which is the overall academic structure. Compared with the early Qing dynasty, Neo-Confucianism apparently had gone from the center to the periphery. However, the decline of academic status does not mean that there is no accomplishment, nor does it mean no honor. In fact, both in the temple and in the private sector, Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism still has its vitality and is still regulating generations of scholarly scholars. Although Lu’s metaphysics is far from ideal for its survival and development, it has not yet become an absolute must. It is only marginalized Strip only. First, under the atmosphere of Chinese learning Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism is well known, the middle of the Qing Dynasty is the era of Chinese learning. Under the influence of Sinology, Neo-Confucianism inevitably leads to ebb. The decline of Neo-Confucianism, if compared with the Kangxi period, is quite obvious and its main point