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药物透皮吸收是指药物经由皮肤途径转运至局部靶组织或全身血液循环的过程。自60年代以来它就是药剂学、药理学和毒理学等学科研究的重要课题之一。60年代的研究彻底破除了皮肤作为机体防御屏障不能成为给药吸收途经的传统观点,研究了皮肤生理因素和药物性质对透皮吸收影响。从70年代迄今,研究方向则从一般的定性转向定量,从局部作用转向全身作用。这一阶段的显著标志之一就是硝酸甘油、东莨菪碱、可乐宁等透皮控释制剂所代表的透皮治疗系统(Transdermal Treatment Systems)的问世。本文对这一阶段透皮吸收的研究情况加以回顾。
Transdermal drug delivery refers to the process by which a drug is translocated to a localized target tissue or systemic blood circulation via the dermal route. Since the 1960s it has been one of the most important subjects in pharmacy, pharmacology and toxicology. 60 years of research completely ruled out the skin as the body’s defense barrier can not become a traditional way of drug absorption through the study of the skin physiological factors and the nature of the drug on transdermal absorption. From the 1970s to the present, the research direction has shifted from the general qualitative analysis to the quantitative analysis, from the local effect to the systemic effect. One of the hallmarks of this phase is the advent of Transdermal Treatment Systems, represented by transdermal controlled release formulations such as nitroglycerin, scopolamine, and clonidine. This article reviews the research on transdermal absorption at this stage.