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目的了解新生儿破伤风(NT)的流行病学特征及影响因素,为制定预防控制策略提供依据。方法采用描术流行病学分析方法。结果2000～2008年北流市NT年报告发病率为0.37‰～1.39‰,病死率13.91%。2002～2008年发病率控制在WHO提出的消除NT目标(<1‰)水平以下。发病年龄以出生4～8d为多(占76.43%)。病例中88.74%为在家分娩的新生儿。7.28%是流动人口,92.72%为常住人口,流动人口NT发病率(2.33‰)显著高于常住人口NT发病率(0.81‰)(P<0.001)。男婴发病率(0.61‰)显著高于女婴发病率(0.23‰)(P<0.001)。病例发生与地区传统风俗和经济水平有关。结论采取必要的健康教育干预,降低住院收费,提高住院分娩率和严格实施接生过程消毒是降低NT发病的重要措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of neonatal tetanus (NT) and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results The annual incidence of NT in Beiliu of 2000 ~ 2008 was 0.37 ‰ ~ 1.39 ‰, and the case fatality rate was 13.91%. The incidence of 2002-2008 control in the WHO proposed to eliminate the NT target (<1 ‰) level below. Age of onset to birth 4 ~ 8d as much (76.43%). 88.74% of the cases were newborns delivered at home. 7.28% were floating population and 92.72% were resident population. The incidence of NT in floating population (2.33 ‰) was significantly higher than that of resident population (0.81 ‰) (P <0.001). The incidence of male infants (0.61 ‰) was significantly higher than that of female infants (0.23 ‰) (P <0.001). The incidence of cases is related to the traditional customs and economic level of the area. Conclusion It is an important measure to reduce the incidence of NT by adopting necessary health education interventions, reducing hospital charges, increasing hospital delivery rate and strictly implementing the disinfection during delivery.