营养不良病人具有从宿主对部分饥饿的轻度反应到癌肿恶液质等不同程度的代谢紊乱，后者是一代谢亢进、高分解和宿主消耗状态。在癌肿病人，大部分营养不良是营养物提供至宿主细胞不足的结果，主要是摄入下足，而不是吸收不良，多与食欲不佳、味觉功能不良、疼痛和抑郁有关。Falconer提出细胞因子与能量 Patients with malnutrition have different degrees of metabolic disturbances, such as a slight reaction from the host to partial starvation to cancerous dyscrasia, the latter being a state of hypermetabolism, hyper-decomposition and host depletion. In cancer patients, most of the malnutrition is the result of insufficient supply of nutrients to the host cells, mainly ingesting the lower foot, rather than malabsorption, and is mostly associated with poor appetite, poor taste, pain, and depression. Falconer proposes cytokines and energy