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1 背景非意愿妊娠是一个常见的问题,世界上每年约有5千万例流产(van Look 1995)。对这一问题的标准解决方法一直是预防(避孕),并以人工流产作为补救。但是长期以来在世界上避孕仅仅意味着事先避孕,意外妊娠的一级预防定义应该也必须扩展到事后避孕(Grimes 1997)。紧急避孕是在无保护性生活后使用药物或工具以防止妊娠的一种紧急方法。由此定义得出紧急避孕方法是在房事后、妊娠前使用,作为一种补救措施而偶尔使用,不是一种常规避孕方法(van Look 1993)。虽然晨后片和性交后片这些名词也用于描述这一方法,但会造成时间和目的的混淆,应予以避免。紧急避孕意指不能常规使用(有更有效的常规方法),但在其它方法失败或没有使用常规方法时可以使用以防止妊娠(Webb 1995)。必须记住任何避孕方法都没有100%可靠性,很少有人每次房事时都能正确使用避孕方法,另外,紧急避孕对受到性暴力伤害的人也是有用的。
1 Background Unwanted pregnancy is a common problem, with about 50 million abortions annually in the world (van Look 1995). The standard solution to this problem has been prevention (contraception), with abortion as a remedy. But for a long time contraception in the world has only meant pre-contraception, and the primary prevention definition of unwanted pregnancies should and should extend to post-contraception (Grimes 1997). Emergency contraception is an emergency method of using drugs or tools to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. The definition of emergency contraception as a result of this definition is not intended as a routine contraceptive method, but should be used as a remedial measure after sexual intercourse and before pregnancy (van Look 1993). Although the terms morning postprandial sexual intercourse are also used to describe this method, it can cause confusion of time and purpose and should be avoided. Emergency contraception means that it can not be routinely used (more effective conventional methods) but can be used to prevent pregnancy when other methods fail or are not using conventional methods (Webb 1995). It must be remembered that any method of contraception is not 100% reliable and few people use the contraceptive correctly each time it is done. In addition, emergency contraception is also useful for those who have been victims of sexual violence.