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目的分析2007-2013年宁陕县肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行特征和规律,探讨鼠类汉坦病毒(HV)感染情况,为采取及时有效的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法对2007-2013年宁陕县法定报告传染病年报表中HFRS疫情资料进行描述性统计分析并调查鼠类种群构成、密度及鼠血HV抗体阳性率。结果2007-2013年全县共报告14例HFRS病例,年均发病率为2.69/10万,死亡1人。发病最高年份为2011年,报告病例6例,发病率为8.07/10万,占5年报告病例总数的42.86%。本县肾综合征出血热发病有明显的季节性,夏季和冬季为高发季节。病例主要集中在210国道及京昆高速G5(西汉段)沿线乡镇。性别及职业特征明显,以农村男性壮年为主,男女性别之比为13∶1。野外优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠,居住区优势鼠种为黄胸鼠和褐家鼠;鼠血汉坦病毒特异性抗体IgG阳性率为25.89%(95/367)。结论针对该病流行环节做好重点人群防控工作,减少HFRS的危害。宁陕县感染HV的鼠类多样,感染率高,因此需进一步加强疫情监测、防治和深入研究工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and rules of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Ningshan County from 2007 to 2013 and to investigate the prevalence of Hantavirus (HV) infection in mice and to provide a scientific basis for timely and effective prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the epidemiological data of HFRS in the annual report of notifiable infectious diseases of Ning Shan County in 2007-2013 and the population composition, density and the positive rate of mouse anti-HV antibody were investigated. Results A total of 14 HFRS cases were reported in the county from 2007 to 2013, with an annual average incidence of 2.69 per 100 000 and 1 death. The highest incidence year was 2011, 6 reported cases, the incidence was 8.07 / 100 000, accounting for 42.86% of the total number of 5-year reported cases. County incidence of hemorrhagic renal syndrome has obvious seasonal, summer and winter high season. Cases are mainly concentrated in the 210 National Road and the Beijing-Kunming-G5 (Western Han Dynasty) along the township. The gender and job characteristics are obvious. The majority of rural men are males and females, with a sex ratio of 13: 1. The predominant species in the wild were Apodemus agrarius, and the predominant species in the settlements were Rattus flavipectus and Rattus norvegicus. The positive rate of IgG was 25.89% (95/367). Conclusion The prevention and control of key population should be done to reduce the risk of HFRS. Ningshan County, infected with HV murine diversity, high infection rate, it is necessary to further strengthen the epidemic monitoring, prevention and further research work.