(一) 威廉·配第(Sir William Petty,1623—1687年),是英国资产阶级古典政治经济学的创始人。他出身于一个手工业者家庭。一生从事过很多职业,当过水手、家庭教师、海军士兵,还当过医学、解剖学以及音乐教授;资产阶级革命时期,他拥护革命,并于1650年到爱尔兰英国军队中去当军医,后来当上了爱尔兰总督亨利·克伦威尔的侍医。1660年查理二世复辟,共和政体垮台后,配第才开始从事经济研究工作。在马克思主义产生以前,他最先开始从生产过程中来探讨资本主义经济运动的规律, (1) Sir William Petty (1623-1687) is the founder of British classical bourgeois political economy. He was born in a handicraft home. He has been a sailor, tutor, naval soldier, medical, anatomy and music professor. During the bourgeois revolution he advocated revolution and went to the British army in Ireland in 1650 to become a military doctor. Later, Served as Irish governor Henry Cromwell pawnbroker. After the restoration of Charles II in 1660 and the fall of the republican government, he began to engage in economic research. Before Marxism came into existence, he first began to explore the law of the capitalist economic movement from the production process,