论文部分内容阅读
通过9年定位试验,研究了秸秆覆盖(不覆盖和秸秆覆盖4 500 kg·hm~(-2))和施氮量(0、75、150、225、300 kg·hm~(-2))对冬小麦群体动态、产量三要素和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖显著降低冬小麦越冬期分蘖数和春季总茎数,越冬期分蘖数最多降低24%,春季总茎数最大降幅为40.7%;秸秆覆盖导致单位面积穗数减少,平均降幅5.6%,但穗粒数有增加趋势,对千粒重无显著影响;与无覆盖相比,秸秆覆盖的冬小麦籽粒产量略有降低。无论秸秆覆盖与否,小麦越冬期分蘖数、春季总茎数以及单位面积穗数均与施氮量呈抛物线的关系,穗粒数随施氮量的增加而增加,千粒重则随施氮量增加而降低;施用氮肥使小麦籽粒产量最高增幅接近70%;在供试条件下,秸秆覆盖无增产效应。相比秸秆覆盖,同样小麦产量水平下,常规栽培需氮肥较少。
After 9 years of experiment, the effects of straw mulching (covering 4 500 kg · hm -2 and straw mulching) and nitrogen fertilizer application (0,75,150,225,300 kg · hm -2) Effects on Population Dynamics, Yield Components and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat. The results showed that straw mulching significantly reduced winter wheat tiller number and total stem number during spring, with a maximum decrease of 24% in winter and a maximum decrease of 40.7% of total stems in spring. Straw mulching reduced the panicle per unit area by 5.6% , But the number of grains per spike increased with no significant effect on 1000-grain weight. The grain yield of straw-covered winter wheat decreased slightly compared with no-cover. Regardless of straw mulching or not, the number of winter tillers, the total number of stems in spring and the number of spikes per unit area of rice were parabolic with the amount of nitrogen applied. The number of grains per ear increased with the increase of nitrogen rate, While the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased the grain yield of wheat by nearly 70%. Under the conditions of test, straw mulching did not increase yield. Compared with straw mulch, the same level of wheat yield, conventional cultivation requires less nitrogen fertilizer.