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【目的】了解季节性H1N1流感病毒与2009年新型H1N1流感病毒神经氨酸酶(NA)基因的遗传进化关系,探讨甲型H1N1流感病毒的遗传变异规律。【方法】分别从2006年和2009年流感病人标本中分离并鉴定出季节性HIN1流感病毒和新型H1N1流感病毒,用RT-PCR技术扩增了病毒NA基因全序列,并对其分子进化和重要功能位点的遗传变异进行了分析。【结果】2009年新型H1N1流感病毒与2006年季节性HIN1流感病毒比较,NA基因的同源性较低(77.9%～78.8%),与世界各地不同年代代表株及WHO推荐的1979～2010年季节性流感疫苗株比较,NA基因的同源性也较低(78.1%～79.3%),但与WHO推荐的2009年新型H1N1流感疫苗株比较同源性则高达99%以上;系统进化分析结果表明,2009年新型H1N1流感病毒NA基因与欧亚猪流感病毒株A/swine/Belgium/1/1983的亲缘关系最近;并发现自2005年以来季节性H1N1流感病毒NA基因的某些抗原位点和神经氨酸酶活性位点已发生了变异。【结论】2009年新型H1N1流感病毒NA基因可能来源于欧亚猪流感病毒;接种季节性流感疫苗不能对本次流行的新型流感产生有效的免疫保护作用;季节性H1N1流感病毒在流行过程中NA基因已发生了一定的变异,有必要持续跟踪和监测病毒的变异情况。
【Objective】 To understand the genetic evolution of the seasonal H1N1 influenza virus and neuraminidase (NA) gene of new H1N1 influenza virus in 2009 and to explore the genetic variation of the influenza A (H1N1) virus. 【Method】 Seasonal HIN1 influenza virus and novel H1N1 influenza virus were isolated and identified from influenza patients in 2006 and 2009. The full-length NA gene sequence was amplified by RT-PCR and the molecular evolution and importance Genetic variation of functional sites was analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with the seasonal HIN1 influenza virus in 2006, the novel H1N1 influenza virus showed low homology (NA of 77.9% -78.8%) with the representative strains of different generations all over the world and the WHO recommended from 1979 to 2010 Compared with the seasonal flu vaccine strains, NA gene homologues were also lower (78.1% -79.3%), but the homology to the 2009 new H1N1 influenza vaccine strains recommended by the WHO was as high as 99% or more. The results of phylogenetic analysis The results showed that the NA gene of novel H1N1 influenza virus was closest to A / swine / Belgium / 1/1983 of the swine influenza virus strain in 2009, and some antigenic sites of the NA gene of seasonal H1N1 influenza virus And neuraminidase active site has been mutated. 【Conclusion】 The NA gene of the new H1N1 influenza virus may originated from the Eurasian swine flu virus in 2009; seasonal influenza vaccine vaccination can not effectively protect against the new influenza; the seasonal H1N1 influenza virus in the epidemic NA Gene has undergone some variation, it is necessary to keep track of and monitor the variation of the virus.