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隧道纳米管(tunneling nanotubes,TNTs)是基于细胞骨架尤其是纤维状肌动蛋白形成的细胞间管道样结构,其功能主要是介导广泛的细胞间物质交换,包括各种信号分子、RNA、蛋白质、细胞器甚至病原体,在生理和病理过程中都发挥重要作用.各种细胞类型中均发现有TNTs的形成,尤其在神经元细胞和神经胶质细胞中得到广泛关注.神经元细胞间或神经元细胞与星形胶质细胞间形成的TNTs,能够介导电耦合,还参与神经退行性疾病相关致病蛋白质的转移和/或传播,进而在神经系统发育和疾病进展中发挥作用.本文简要总结了在神经系统细胞间形成TNTs的研究进展,包括调节其形成的分子机制、功能和在神经系统疾病治疗中的潜在优势.“,”Tunneling nanotubes(TNTs)are F-actin-based thin channel-like structures connecting distant cells,which provide a new route for intercellular communication.Since TNTs are discovered,an increasing number of studies have demonstrated their roles in the transfer of diverse cargoes between connecting cells,including signaling molecules,RNAs,proteins,organelles,and even pathogens,which illustrate the diversity and complexity of TNTs'function.TNTs have been found in various types of cells,including neuronal cells.In the nervous system,the formation of TNTs between neurons or between neurons and astrocytes mediates electrical coupling and the transfer of pathogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases.Here,we summarized the current results of TNTs in the nervous system,including its formation,regulatory factors,functions,and potential benefits in the treatment of diseases.