超高产夏玉米耗水特性与灌水指标的研究

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超高产夏玉米全生育期耗水量为9750mm/hm2左右,供水量为10500mm/hm2左右,供水量与耗水量比值1.1左右。开花前耗水量约占40%~46%,开花后耗水量约占54%~60%。耗水强度苗期阶段最低为43.0mm/hm2·d左右;开花期前后最高,为130~170mm/hm2·d;全生育期平均96mm/hm2·d左右。生育期间的耗水深度呈浅—深—浅梯度变化,大口期前主要耗水层为0~40cm,大口—蜡熟为0~80cm,蜡熟—成熟0~40cm。不同生育阶段0~50cm土层土壤相对含水量为播种—拔节80%~70%,拔节—大口70%~75%,大口—开花75%~80%,开花—蜡熟80%~75%,蜡熟—成熟75%~70%。超高产夏玉米水分运筹掌握足墒播种,适墒出苗,苗期水分适度,穗期、花粒期充分供水,主要耗水层水量较足而均恒,贮水层水量充足而稳定。正常年份砂壤土类需灌水8~9次,中壤土类5~6次,灌水时期分布上应重视底墒水,强调大口,开花水,保证乳熟、蜡熟水,加强花粒期阶段的水分管理。 The water consumption of super-high yield summer maize during the whole growth period is about 9750mm / hm2, the water supply is about 10500mm / hm2, and the ratio of water supply to water consumption is about 1.1. Flowering before flowering accounts for about 40% to 46%, after flowering water consumption accounts for about 54% to 60%. The lowest water consumption intensity at seedling stage was about 43.0 mm / hm2 · d, the highest at flowering stage was 130-170 mm / hm2 · d, and the average growth period was about 96 mm / hm2 · d. The depth of water consumption during the growth period varied from shallow to deep to shallow, and the main aquifer before the macrophage was 0-40 cm. The macrophages were 0-80 cm in wax ripening and 0-40 cm in wax ripening. The relative water content of 0-50 cm soil layer in different growth stages is sowing-jointing 80% -70%, jointing-largemouth 70% -75%, bigmouth-flowering 75% -80%, flowering-waxy 80% -75% Wax ripe - mature 75% to 70%. Ultra-high-yielding summer maize moisture master grasps enough moisture seeding, suitable for seedling emergence, moderate watering at seedling stage, adequate spikelet and anthesis water supply. The main water consuming layer is more adequate and stable, and the water in the aquifer is sufficient and stable. In normal years sandy loam soil needs to be eaten for 8-9 times and medium loamy soil 5-6 times. At the time of irrigation, the soil should pay attention to the amount of soil moisture, emphasize the large mouth and flowering water to ensure that the milk is cooked and waxed, management.
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