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邓琬案是始于唐德宗贞元年间,终于唐文宗大和年间的一个案件。该案非影响政治进程的重案,但反映了唐中后期司法运作模式的一个重要变革:度支盐铁使及其下属监院、巡院掌握了一定的司法权,具有对本系统的中下层官吏,对盐商等商户、匠户等特殊人群的司法管辖权,以及对贩卖私盐等特殊犯罪案件的管辖权。这种司法权包括了逮捕、禁系、审理、断决等,并具有相对州县地方司法系统的独立性。度支盐铁使司法权的取得与“唐宋变革”大背景下的经济、政治和制度的变革有紧密联系。本文从对邓琬案件的复原开始,讨论由此引出的法律问题,进而探究度支盐铁所具有的司法权范围及具体的运作问题。文章以具体案例展开,深入讨论唐代中后期的司法运作与变革问题,对目前唐代法制史研究中所存在的“重条文,轻实践;重前期,轻后期”现象有所补益。
Deng 琬 case began in Tang Dezong Zhen Yuan years, and finally Tang Wenzong Dai years of a case. This case was not a serious one that affected the political process, but it reflected an important change in the mode of judicial operation in the middle and late Tang dynasty: the support of salt and iron and its subordinate supervisors and patrol courts to a certain degree of judicial power, Officials, salt merchants and other special groups such as business people’s jurisdiction, as well as trafficking in private salt and other special criminal cases jurisdiction. This kind of judicial power includes arrest, forbidding, trial, judgment and so on, and has the independence of relative local judicial system in the county. The support of salt and iron has made the acquisition of judicial power closely linked with the economic, political and institutional changes in the context of the “reform of the Tang and Song Dynasties.” This article begins with the restoration of Deng Yi’s case, discussing the legal issues arising therefrom, and then exploring the scope of judicial power and the specific operational issues of the Salt and Iron Division. The article begins with concrete cases and discusses in depth the issue of judicial operation and change in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. It is of some help to the existing “heavy article, light practice, heavy pre-emptive and post-light” phenomena in the study of legal history in the Tang Dynasty.