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随着世界对能源需求的日益增长,为减少对化石燃料的严重依赖同时实现碳达峰和碳中和,迫切需要探索发现新型能源和能源载体.与其他燃料相比,氢气具有零碳排放、能量密度高、清洁可再生和来源广泛等特点,因此被认为是理想的能源载体.目前,工业制氢主要有三种策略,分别是甲烷水蒸气重整(SMR)、煤炭水蒸气(CG)和水电解(WE).其中SMR和CG制氢占95％,而WE制氢仅占4％.虽然前二者制氢成本较低,但会伴生大量的二氧化碳,相比之下,WE制氢纯度高,绿色无污染,更加符合目前的环保理念.目前WE制氢的核心问题之一就是设计和合成高效、廉价的电催化剂.具有类贵金属催化性能的过渡金属基电催化剂(例如钴基、镍基和铁基材料)已经引起了学术界的广泛关注.配位聚合物(CP)由于其具有固有的金属元素、内部结构化学可调、比表面积大和结构有序等优点,在吸附、催化和储能等领域得到了广泛的应用.作为18世纪发现的第一个人工配位聚合物,普鲁士蓝(PB)及其类似物(PBAs)和具有可调金属中心的衍生物作为一种新型的光催化剂或电催化剂受到了广泛的关注.本综述详细介绍了以普鲁士蓝及其类似物和衍生物构筑的中空结构和基底支撑型纳米材料在绿色水分解方面的基础研究及应用进展.本文首先简单介绍了普鲁士蓝及其类似物的基本结构组成,并对其优缺点进行了总结;随后,针对普鲁士蓝及其类似物的中空结构的合成策略和形成机理展开了详细地阐述,包括单层中空纳米盒、开孔式纳米笼以及复杂中空结构等;此外,针对基底支撑型普鲁士蓝及其类似物结构合成机理也进行了详细地解释,包括泡沫镍网、铁网、碳布、铜网等基底,并与中空结构进行了对比总结,该类负载型结构可以充分发挥活性位的利用效率,达到更好的催化性能.此外,结合最新的研究进展,介绍了普鲁士蓝及其类似物和衍生物(氢氧化物、磷化物、硫族化合物和碳化物)在水裂解中的应用,包括电解水和光催化制氢,并对电解水的机理进行了总结.最后,本文总结了该领域目前存在的局限性和面临的紧迫挑战.希望本综述能够激发更多研究者投身于复杂结构普鲁士蓝及其类似物和衍生物的高效绿色水裂解方面的研究工作.“,”To meet the current energy needs of society, the highly efficient and continuous production of clean energy is required. One of the key issues facing the green hydrogen evolution is the construction of efficient, low-cost electrocatalysts. Prussian blue (PB), Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), and their de-rivatives have tunable metal centers and have attracted significant interest as novel photo- and electrochemical catalysts. In this review, recent research progress into PB/PBA-based hollow structures, substrate-supported nanostructures, and their derivatives for green water splitting is discussed and summarized. First, several remarkable examples of nanostructured PB/PBAs sup-ported on substrates (copper foil, carbon cloth, and nickel foam) and hollow structures (such as single-shelled hollow boxes, open hollow cages, and intricate hollow structures (multi–shell and yolk–shell)) are discussed in detail, including their synthesis and formation mechanisms. Subse-quently, the applications of PB/PBA derivatives ((hydr)oxides, phosphides, chalcogenides, and carbides) for water splitting are discussed. Finally, the limitations in this research area and the most urgent challenges are summarized. We hope that this review will stimulate more researchers to develop technologies based on these intricate PB/PBA structures and their derivatives for highly efficient, green water splitting.