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本文从政治行为对政治控制结构与功能的影响及二者互动的视角 ,通过历史动态分析对苏共政治控制衰变的内涵、政治控制衰变发生的时间以及引起政治控制衰变的事件进行了探讨。论文分为三个层次。在第一个层次中 ,讨论了政治控制衰变的定义 ,即一个政权实施政治控制的主体结构和基本功能遭到根本破坏。而后对苏共政治控制进行了结构与功能分析。指出苏共政治控制结构分为五个层面 ,其中共产主义指导理论与苏共一党制、等额选举制、“议行合一”制三个层面构成了结构的主体 ,依托这个主体产生了苏共政治控制的两个基本功能 :集权、政治一元化这是本文的理论框架。在第二个层面中 ,分析了苏共 19次代表会议对苏共政治控制结构与功能影响的深度。指出这次代表会议及会议后修改宪法两个举措虽然奠定了苏共政治控制向衰变转折的基础 ,但是由于转折仅限于苏共政治路线以及政治制度的原则层面 ,还没有根本触及政治控制的结构和基本功能 ,故而苏联政治体制及苏共的改革仍然存在着停滞抑或逆转的可能。换言之 ,苏共政治控制真正的转折还没有开始。在第三个层次中笔者强调 ,苏共改革的后两个步骤—— 1989年春夏进行苏联人民代表差额选举和召开第一次苏联人民代表大会——与前述两个改革举措具有同等重要的意义。因?
This article discusses the connotation of the decay of political control in the CPSU, the time when the political control decays, and the events which caused the decay of political control from the perspective of the interaction between the political control and the structure and function of political control. The thesis is divided into three levels. In the first level, the definition of political control decay is discussed, that is, the principal structure and basic functions of the political control of a political power have been fundamentally damaged. Then the structure and function of the political control of the CPSU were analyzed. It is pointed out that the political control structure of the CPSU is divided into five levels. Among them, there are three levels in which the communist guiding theory and the CPSU’s one-party system, the equal-election system and the “one-nation system” constitute the main body of the structure. Two basic functions of total political control: centralization of power, political unity This is the theoretical framework of this article. In the second level, it analyzes the depth of the influence of the 19 representative conferences of the CPSU on the structure and function of the CPSU’s political control. He pointed out that although the two measures of this meeting of representatives and the amendment of the constitution after the meeting laid the foundation for the turning point in the political control of the CPSU into decay, as the transition was confined to the political line of the CPSU and the principle level of the political system, it still did not touch the structure of political control at all And basic functions, the Soviet political system and the reform of the CPSU still have the possibility of stagnation or reversal. In other words, the real turning point in the political control of the CPSU has not yet begun. In the third level, the author emphasizes that the last two steps of the reform of the CPSU - the election of the Soviet Union in the spring and summer of 1989 and the convening of the first Soviet People’s Congress - are as important as the two aforementioned reform measures significance. because?