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国际联盟时期,语言权利作为少数民族的一项权利被确立下来;二战后,个人的语言自由作为“平等与非歧视原则”的一部分被写入《联合国宪章》和《世界人权宣言》;上世纪60年代以来,语言权利的研究和保护实践被归于“少数人权利”问题之列。现有的世界性法律文书对语言权利,尤其是对其主体缺乏明确的界定。语言权利的集体性已成为学术共识。视语言为人类共同财富的全球伦理观念也在逐步形成。国际法对语言多样性的保护面临着从个人权利主体向多元主体的过渡。
During the period of the League of Nations, language rights were established as a right of ethnic minorities; after World War II, individual’s freedom of speech was enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as part of the “principle of equality and non-discrimination” Since the 1960s, the study and protection of language rights has been attributed to the issue of “minority rights.” The existing worldwide legal instruments have no clear definition of language rights, especially their subjects. Collective language rights have become the academic consensus. The concept of global ethics based on language as the common wealth of mankind is also gradually taking shape. The protection of linguistic diversity under international law is facing the transition from the individual subject to the plural subject.