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目的：：对绝经后阴道流血( PMB)并发子宫内膜癌进行病理学研究,探讨其临床特征。方法：回顾性分析我站和靖煤集团总院2012年5月~2014年6月317例PMB患者的临床资料,根据刮宫及(或)术后病理检查结果,将PMB患者按病理学类型分为子宫内膜癌、良性病变及非器质性病变。对比子宫内膜癌与其他两类病变的临床指标,分析子宫内膜癌PMB的相关因素。结果： PMB患者中,病理学诊断为子宫内膜癌者占10.4%(33/317)；子宫内膜癌PMB患者的绝经年龄、绝经年限、出血持续时间、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病比例及子宫内膜厚度与宫腔深度均高于其他病变的PMB患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析表明,子宫内膜厚度是子宫内膜癌PMB的独立相关因素(OR=3.07,95%CI=12.4~17.9, P=0.008)。结论：应纠正以往将PMB与子宫内膜癌等同的错误观点, PMB者应及早诊断,明确病因,可先行B超测量子宫内膜厚度,初步筛查子宫内膜癌后再以刮宫或术后病理诊断确诊。“,”OBJECTIVE: To study the pathology of PMB caused by endometrial cancer and to investigate its clinical characteris-tics. METHODS: 317 patients of PMB during May 2012-June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Curettage and ( or) postoperative pathological diagnosis were used to determine pathology: endometrial cancer, benign or non-organic disease. A contrast of clinical indicators between endometrial cancer and the other two was carried on. RESULTS: PMB patients caused by endometrial cancer were 10. 4% (33/317). And their age at menopause, menopause period, bleeding duration, obesity/hypertension and diabetes rate, endometrial thickness and uterine cavity depth were all higher than those caused by benign or non-organic disease. Further studies showed that endometrial thickness was the only independent related factor of PMB caused by endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION: The view that equals PMB and endometrial cancer should be corrected and PMB should be early diagnosd to figure out its cause.