小胶质细胞（microglia）是中枢神经系统的固有免疫细胞，对周围环境起监视作用。急性脑缺血情况下，小胶质细胞可被激活，激活的小胶质细胞对中枢神经系统具有炎症损伤及神经保护的双重作用。目前已证实，小胶质细胞活化后的炎症反应参与多种神经系统疾病的病理过程，抑制和调控小胶质细胞激活可作为疾病一种新的治疗方法。“,”Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, constantly sampling their surrounding environ-ment to maintain its homeostasis.Atfer stroke microglia can be activated and play an important role in pro -imflammtory and neuropro-tective effect.It is well known that the inflammation associated with microglia after being activated involves in many kinds of pathologi-cal process of central nervous system disease.Suppression and regulation of microglia activation may be a new treatment method.