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清末民初旗人小说中的反义对立式语气副词主要有“左右”“横竖”“反正”“好歹”“死活”“早晚”。其中,“左右”属空间义场类词,表情态义;“横竖”“反正”也属于空间义场类,但表篇章义;“好歹”和“死活”都属于事理义场类,前者既可以表概念义,又可以表情态义,还能表篇章义,而后者只表情态义;“早晚”属于时间义场类词,只表概念义。受语序、停顿、附加成分等因素的影响,六个词出现了不同程度的主观化,以“横竖”“反正”为代表的空间义场类词要比事理义场类和时间义场类的词更容易发生隐喻从而走上主观化道路,所以二者的句法分布最自由。渗透到现代汉语中,“反正”比“横竖”更具有概念表达的宽广性和概括性,所以在共时分布上也更强势,能够很快替代其他词成为现代汉语普通话中使用频率最高的反义对立式语气副词;而在方言区和方言点中,则以“横竖”使用最灵活、分布最广、变体最多。
In late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the antonym antonyms of the banner novels mainly include “left and right”, “horizontal and vertical” “anyway”, “whatever the outcome,” “life and death”, “morning and evening”. Among them, “left and right ” is a space of righteousness category words, expression meaning; “” “” “Anyway,” also belong to the spatial category, but the table chapter; “whatever the outcome” and “Are all belong to the field of righteousness, the former can not only conceptual righteousness, but also facial expression of righteousness, but also the table chapter meaning, while the latter only expression state of meaning;” sooner or later “belong to the class of time righteousness, . By word order, pause, additional elements and other factors, the six words appeared in different degrees of subjectivity, with ”“ ”“ anyway The words of righteousness are more likely to occur metaphor and thus embark on the path of subjectification, so the two have the most freedom of syntactic distribution. Infiltration into modern Chinese, ”anyway, “ more than ”horizontal and vertical “ more broad and general concept of expression, it is also more powerful in synchronic distribution, and can quickly replace other words into the modern Chinese mandarin The most frequent antonym antonym adverbs; and in the dialect area and dialect point, then ”“ ”use " the most flexible, most widely distributed, most variants.