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目的 探究乳腺外科手术患者抗生素药物使用情况及切口感染的影响因素.方法 选取2013年1月至2015年3月在北京市普仁医院接受乳腺外科手术的126例患者作为研究对象,统计患者抗生素药物使用种类、使用率、使用时机及疗程,手术切口感染率与病原菌种类及相关因素的分析.结果 患者所使用的抗生素药物有头孢菌素、青霉素类、硝基咪唑类、林克胺类、氨基糖苷类,使用率分别为78.57%、15.08%、8.73%、2.40%、1.59%,术前不合理给药率为1.58%,低于术后的7.94%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);16例患者检测出切口感染,感染率为12.70%,共检测出病原菌5种,革兰阳性菌占43.75%,革兰阴性菌占56.25%,乳腺癌手术的患者感染率高于乳腺肿块穿刺活检术、乳腺肿物切除术、乳腺象限切除术,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 医院应加强对抗菌药物的管理和合理使用,术后切口感染率与手术类型、手术时间及切口类型相关,治疗时结合实际情况进行预防,降低感染的发生.“,”Objective To explore the use of antimicrobial agents and the influence factors of incision infection in patients with breast surgery.Methods A total of 126 cases in January 2013 to March 2015 received breast surgery in our hospital were selected as the research objects. The types of antimicrobial agents,using rate,timing and treatment course,surgical incision infection rate and pathogen species and related factors were analysis.Results The using rates of cephalosporins, penicillins,nitroimidazoles,lynk amine,and aminoglycosides were 78.57%,15.08%,8.73%,2.40%,and 1.59%, respectively. The rate of preoperative administration was 1.58%lower than that of 7.94%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Incision infection was detected in 16 patients,with the infection rate of 12.70%;5 kinds of pathogenic bacteria were detected ,and the gram positive bacteria was accounted for 43.75%,and the Gram negative bacteria was accounted for 56.25%;the infection rate of breast cancer patients was higher than that of breast lump biopsy ,breast tumor resection and breast quadrant resection,and the difference was significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Hospital should strengthen the management and rational use of antibiotics ,postoperative incision infection rate and the type of operation , operation time and incision type,treatment,combined with the actual situation to prevent,reduce the incidence of infection.