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随着油气勘探活动的不断加深,国内外相继发现了许多异常压力油气田。研究结果表明,异常压力与油气分布有相关关系。因此,对异常压力的研究,具有举足轻重的意义。作者在广泛收集资料,进行文献系统调研的基础上,详细探讨了异常压力的成因,即异常高压的成因主要有不均衡压实作用、构造作用、水热增压作用、烃类生成作用、液态烃类的裂解作用、粘土矿物的转化作用、浓度差扩散作用、水头、浮力等,而异常低压的成因主要有上覆地层的抬升和剥蚀作用、不同热效应、地下水流动的不平衡作用、封闭层的渗漏作用、岩石扩容作用、浓差作用、气体饱和储集层的埋藏作用等。探讨了异常压力与油气分布的关系。本文对加深异常压力的成因研究,进行合理的钻井和油气生产以及有效的油气勘探工作具有一定的指导作用。
With the continuous deepening of oil and gas exploration activities, many abnormal pressure oil and gas fields have been discovered at home and abroad. The results show that there is a correlation between abnormal pressure and oil and gas distribution. Therefore, the study of abnormal pressure has the decisive significance. On the basis of extensive collection of data and literature review, the causes of abnormal pressure are discussed in detail. That is, the causes of abnormal high pressure include unbalanced compaction, tectonic action, hydrothermal pressurization, hydrocarbon generation, Hydrocarbon cracking, conversion of clay minerals, concentration difference diffusion, water head and buoyancy. The causes of abnormal low pressure include uplift and denudation of overlying strata, imbalance of different thermal effects and groundwater flow, Seepage, rock dilatancy, concentration effect, burial of gas-saturated reservoirs and so on. The relationship between abnormal pressure and oil and gas distribution is discussed. This article has some guidance to deepen the study of the causes of anomalous pressure, carry out rational drilling and oil and gas production and effective oil and gas exploration.